Spinal cord diseases
| Neural tube defects |
| Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects of the brain and spinal cord that include anencephaly and spina bifida (meningomyelocele). Deficiency of the vitamin folic acid raises the risk of neural tube defects, as does mutation of a gene for an enzyme that processes folic acid. The most common causes of neural tube defects are insufficient folic acid in the mother's diet, both before she became pregnant and during the first few weeks of pregnancy. |
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| Syringomyelia |
| Syringomyelia is a neurological disorder characterized by a fluid-filled cavity (syrinx) within the spinal cord. The cavity, for unknown reasons, often expands during adolescence or the young adult years. The syrinx is situated near the middle of the spine. It may extend across the spinal cord or along almost all of its length. There are broadly three types of syringomyelia. The most common type is associated with congenital brain abnormalities. |
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| Transverse myelitis |
| Transverse myelitis is an acute inflammatory condition usually secondary to viral illness where there is a progressive sensory loss and weakness. Transverse myelitis (TM) is an uncommon neurological syndrome caused by inflammation (a protective response which includes swelling, pain, heat, and redness) of the spinal cord, characterized by weakness, back pain, and bowel and bladder problems. It affects one to five persons per million. |
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| Spinal cord injury |
| Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the nerves within the spinal canal. Most SCI's are caused by trauma to the vertebral column, thereby affecting the spinal cord's ability to send and receive messages from the brain to the body's systems that control sensory, motor and autonomic function below the level of injury. Spinal cord injury occurs from either a trauma (injury) or from a disease or infection to the neural tissue within the vertebral column (the backbone). |
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