| Neuropathy |
| Neuropathy is the disease of the nervous system. Neuropathy is a disturbance in the function of a nerve or particular group of nerves. Many people who have had diabetes for a while have nerve damage. The three major forms of nerve damage are: peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, and mononeuropathy. The most common form is peripheral neuropathy, which mainly affects the feet and legs. |
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| Peripheral neuropathy |
| Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurological disorder in the nerves outside the central nervous system which begins with a burning pain and a tingling feeling in the feet and fingertips. The condition can subsequently expand to other regions, including internal organs, and in a later stage can develop into arm and leg muscle weakness. Peripheral neuropathy is a widespread disorder, and there are many underlying causes. |
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| Mononeuropathy |
| Mononeuropathy is disorder of a single nerve or nerve trunk. Mononeuropathies may be due to entrapment, compression, stretch injury, ischemia, infection, or inflammation of a nerve. The most common entrapments are of the median nerve of the wrist and ulnar nerve of the elbow. Mononeuropathy involves loss of movement or sensation to an area caused by damage to a single nerve or nerve groupe. |
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| Sciatica |
| Sciatica is pain, tingling, or numbness produced by an irritation of the sciatic nerve. Sciatica is a pain in the leg due to irritation of the sciatic nerve. The pain generally goes from the front of the thigh to the back of the calf, and may also extend upward to the hip and down to the foot. Sciatica most commonly occurs when a branch of the sciatic nerve is compressed at the base of the spine. |
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| Carpal tunnel syndrome |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when tendons in the wrist become inflamed after being aggravated. Tendons can become aggravated when the carpals (a tunnel of bones) and the ligaments in the wrist narrow, pinching nerves that reach the fingers and the muscle at the base of the thumb. Repetitive flexing and extension of the wrist may cause a thickening of the protective sheaths that surround each of the tendons, which narrows the tunnel. |
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| Polyneuropathy |
| Polyneuropathy refers to any illness that attacks numerous nerves in the body, sometimes causing weakness and/or pain. Although the nerve can be inflamed as in neuritis or painful as in neuralgia, polyneuropathy tends to be a systemic problem that affects more than one nerve group at a time. Polyneuropathies are relatively symmetric, often affecting sensory, motor, and vasomotor fibers simultaneously. |
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| Diabetic neuropathy |
| Diabetic neuropathies are neuropathic disorders that are associated with diabetes mellitus. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (vasa nervorum). Diabetic neuropathies occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and they are most common in those whose blood glucose (blood sugar) levels have not been well controlled. |
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| Autonomic neuropathy |
| Autonomic neuropathy is a group of symptoms caused by damage to nerves supplying the internal body structures that regulate functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, bowel and bladder emptying, and digestion. Autonomic neuropathy is a disease of the non-voluntary, non-sensory nervous system affecting mostly the internal organs. Autonomic neuropathy can be associated with diabetes, alcohol abuse, nerve injury and the use of certain medications. |
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| Lower back pain |
| Back pain is one of humanity's most frequent complaints and does not usually reflect any underlying disease. The most common type of back pain is lower back pain. That's because the lower portion of the back is under the most pressure when a person is sitting or lifting, and it can be easily damaged. Lower back pain is often triggered by some combination of overuse, muscle strain, or injury to the muscles and ligaments that support the spine. |
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| Brachial plexus injury |
| A brachial plexus injury is an injury to the nerves that travel from the neck and down the arm. These peripheral nerves are called the brachial plexus nerves. They leave the spinal cord and travel between the vertebrae and the back and into the shoulder, giving the arm its ability to function. A brachial plexus injury usually causes intense pain from the neck down to the arm on the affected side. |
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| Postherpetic neuralgia |
| Postherpetic neuralgia is pain that persists after an episode of shingles (herpes zoster) has resolved. Usually, the pain develops during an episode and continues. But occasionally, the pain starts 4 months or more after an episode has resolved. Postherpetic neuralgia is a common complication of shingles. Postherpetic neuralgia results when nerve fibers are damaged during a case of shingles. |
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| Thoracic outlet syndrome |
| Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition in which the nerves or vessels behind the collar bone (clavicle) become compressed or stretched, causing pain, weakness, or numbness in the arm on the same side. The thoracic outlet is an area at the top of the rib cage, between the neck and the chest. Several anatomical structures pass through this area, including the esophagus, trachea, and nerves and blood vessels that lead to the arm and neck region. |
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