| Chorea |
| Chorea, also called St. Vitus's dance, is the acute disturbance of the central nervous system characterized by involuntary muscular movements of the face and extremities. Chorea is an abnormal voluntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias, which are caused by overactivity of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the areas of the brain that control movement. |
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| Dystonia |
| Dystonia is a movement disorder in which involuntary, sustained muscle contractions cause the muscles to freeze in the middle of an action. Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by sustained, involuntary muscle contractions which cause twisting, repetitive movements or abnormal body postures. The symptoms may be generalized or involve specific body parts (focal dystonia). |
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| Torticollis |
| Torticollis (cervical dystonia or spasmodic torticollis) is a type of movement disorder, in which the muscles controlling the neck cause sustained twisting or frequent jerking. Torticollis may cause permanent facial deformity if it is not resolved in the first year. Torticollis may occur without known cause (idiopathic), be genetic (inherited), or be acquired secondary to damage to the nervous system or muscles. |
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| Myoclonus |
| Myoclonus is a neurological movement disorder characterized by sudden, involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles. Based on the various symptoms, there are three types of myoclonus: intention myoclonus, rhythmical myoclonus, and arrhythmic myoclonus. Myoclonus may develop in response to infection, head or spinal cord injury, stroke, brain tumors, kidney or liver failure, lipid storage disease, or other disorders. |
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| Parkinson's disease |
| Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of the substantia nigra (an area in the basal ganglia). Parkinson's disease involves a breakdown of the nerve cells in the motor area of the brain. Parkinson's disease is progressive, meaning the signs and symptoms become worse over time. The immediate cause of Parkinson's disease is degeneration of brain cells in the area known as the substantia nigra. |
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| Progressive supranuclear palsy |
| Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare degenerative neurological disorder characterized by loss of balance when walking, loss of control of voluntary eye movement and other voluntary muscle activity (akinesia), abnormal rigidity (spasticity), postural instability, speech difficulties (dysarthria), and problems related to swallowing and eating (dysphagia). |
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| Shy-Drager syndrome |
| Shy-Drager syndrome is a mysterious progressive disorder of the central and sympathetic nervous systems, also called multiple system atrophy with postural hypotension. Shy-Drager syndrome is a rare progressive neurological disorder characterized by a varying combination of symptoms. Patients with Shy-Drager syndrome usually have problems with the function of the autonomic nervous system. |
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| Musle spasms |
| Muscle spasms and cramps are spontaneous, often painful muscle contractions. Most people are familiar with the sudden pain of a muscle cramp. The rapid, uncontrolled contraction, or spasm, happens unexpectedly, with either no stimulation or some trivially small one. The muscle contraction and pain last for several minutes, and then slowly ease. Cramps may affect any muscle, but are most common in the calves, feet, and hands. |
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| Tourette's syndrome |
| Tourette syndrome - also called Tourette's syndrome, Tourette Spectrum (TS), Tourette's disorder, or Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (after its discoverer, Georges Gilles de la Tourette) - is a neurological or neurochemical disorder characterized by tics - involuntary, rapid, sudden movements or vocalizations that occur repeatedly in the same way. Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited disease of the nervous system. |
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| Tremor |
| Tremor is an unintentional, rhythmical alternating movement that may affect the muscles of any part of the body. Tremor is caused by the rapid alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles and is a common symptom of diseases of the nervous system. Tremor often accompanies neurological disorders associated with aging. There is no cure for tremor and, in most cases, there is no need to treat essential tremor. |
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| Wilson's disease |
| Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder where there is excessive amounts of copper in the body. This causes a variety of effects, including liver disease and damage to the nervous system. Wilson's disease causes the body to retain copper. The liver of a person who has Wilson's disease does not release copper into bile as it should. Wilson's disease causes the body to absorb and retain excessive amounts of copper. |